Phoenix DUI Lawyer Blog

Criminal Rights and Exceptions of Right to Counsel

A person's rights to counsel can be found in the State's Rules of Criminal Procedures; The US Constitution 5th and 14th Amendment; the Arizona Constitution; and Under Arizona Criminal Code A.R.S. 13-114. This segment focuses on the Rules of Criminal Procedure in Maricopa County.

Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure - Right to Counsel

Rules 6.1 (a.) & (c.) entitle a defendant to be represented by counsel in DUI and criminal proceedings. However, they are not entitled to counsel if the offense has no possibility of resulting in jail or prison if they are found guilty.

A defendant may waive their right to counsel at any time.

Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure - Withdrawal of Waiver of Right to Counsel

Rule 6.1 (e.) allows for a person who previously waived their right to counsel, to also withdraw their waiver of right to counsel, at any time.

There is one exception to withdrawing a waiver of right to counsel at any time: A person is not entitled repeat a proceeding, they previously waived their right to an attorney, on the sole ground that they were unrepresented.


When Legal Counsel is Necessary

Defense services of qualified legal counsel are needed in all stages of criminal proceedings, that expose a person to jail or prison, if they are found guilty of the charges. These stages include:

• Pre-trial Services;
• Trial Representation;
• Sentencing

A person should also consider hiring a lawyer to represent them in pre-indictment cases, when a suspect is being investigated for serious charges, but has not yet formally been charged.

Legal Representation for DUI and Criminal Charges in Mesa AZ

It is unwise for a person to waive their right to legal counsel for DUI or criminal charges in which a person may be exposed to incarceration in jail or prison if found guilty. If a person moves forward with criminal proceedings unrepresented, irreversible harm can result in their case, and their defense may be compromised.

A defendant should always retain an attorney as early as possible in order to preserve all rights and defenses that may be used in the future to challenge or defend the charges.

If a defendant has jeopardized use of defenses, waived rights, or provided self-incriminating testimony, an attorney generally can't undo the damage that has been done. They can't go back and abolish the proceeding on the sole basis that the defense was compromised as a result of the defendant's waiver of right to representation by an attorney.

In general, defendants usually do not secure favorable resolutions to their charges when they go unrepresented. A person who represents themselves if expected to adhere to all Rules of Criminal Procedure; understand their rights and laws; and consequences of their decision in the event they are found guilty of the charges. Early retention of a criminal defense attorney is a key factor in obtaining any favorable outcome in criminal cases.

Additional Resources:

• AZ Supreme Court - Rules of Criminal Procedure

• Maricopa County Superior Court

• Right to Counsel under Criminal Code

• US Constitutional Amendments

Continue reading " Right to Legal Counsel in Criminal Proceedings " »

Tips for keeping your holidays safe and free from DUI arrests and hazards

Last week, the Arizona Governor's Office of Highway Safety (AGOHS) announced it will be holding a Holiday 2012 DUI Enforcement "Kick-off" Conference at the Arizona State Capitol, Tuesday November 27, 2012. They will be discussing details for safety checkpoints, saturation patrols, and increased presence throughout the state to enforce DUI laws.

The AGOHS works with local city, and county officials to organize DUI Safety Checks that generally beginning around Thanksgiving and run through the New Year. During this time frame last year, DUI roadblocks resulted in over 4,170 Arizona DUI arrests for Drug DUI and Alcohol related DUI offenses.

7 Basic DUI Safety Tips

Here are some tips for planning Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year holiday celebrations, to help avoid hazards and arrests resulting from impaired driving:

• Refrain from driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs;
• Appoint a trustworthy designated driver;
• Make arrangements in advance for a safe ride home including taxi, public transportation, or trustworthy family or friend;
• Know the Arizona DUI laws related to drug and alcohol DUI;
• Avoid binge drinking, and know your impairment threshold for drinking;
• Don't allow yourself to be a passenger in a vehicle driven by a person under the influence of alcohol or drugs;
• Talk to your teens about the dangers of drinking and driving and encourage them to follow these tips

Arizona DUI Laws and Facts

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration works with Arizona to provide support for their Holiday DUI Enforcement "Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over" campaigns. Here are some Arizona laws, and NHTSA facts to keep in mind:

• Of the 32,885 people who lost their lives in 2010 to motor vehicle accidents, 31% or 10,228 fatalities resulted from alcohol impaired driving;
• The age group subject to the greatest risk of impaired driving and fatal crashes were 21 to 34 years old, who were under the influence of alcohol or drugs;
• Nighttime driving 6:00 pm to 6:00 am was the most deadly time frame for fatal crashes, and 78% of fatal crashes within the study in December 2010 alone;
• Of those, 45% had a Blood Alcohol Content of .15 BAC or higher;
• Police have zero tolerance for DUI charges, and do not provide warnings. DUI arrests will be made;
• All DUI convictions call for jail time and suspension of driver's license;
• In Arizona Refusal to take alcohol breath tests will result in a suspension of a motorists driver's license, whether the motorist was found to be driving impaired or not;
• In Arizona the legal limit for alcohol is 0.08% BAC;
• A person may be arrested for DUI, if their BAC is below the 0.08% if they are driving "impaired to the slightest degree" under the influence of alcohol or drugs;
• The legal drinking age in Arizona is 21 years old. Zero tolerance applies to any one driving or found to have any amount of alcohol in their system.

Criminal Defense for DUI Charges Tempe AZ

If you were arrested for DUI charges in Arizona, you should always consult an experienced DUI defense lawyer regarding your charges. Arizona has some of the toughest DUI laws and penalties in the country, and prosecutors egregiously pursue convictions for all types of DUI - DWI charges. If retained, your attorney will make sure your rights are protected; that you are treated fairly; defend your charges; and attempt to get the most favorable resolution possible for your charges.

Additional Resources:

• Arizona Governor's Office of Highway Safety - News Announcement

• National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration

• Arizona State Legislature - DUI laws

• Arizona Mothers Against Drunk Driving - (MADD)

• Arizona Department of Motor Vehicles

Continue reading "AGOHS Announces Holiday DUI Task Force Conference" »

5 reasons police conduct Preliminary Breath Tests

Arizona is one of a majority of states with Preliminary Breath Test (PBT) Laws.

The PBT is a small mobile device used to establish the presence of alcohol in a person's system. The PBT is intended to be used as an early detection or screening tool by police. Arizona does not allow a PBT to be admitted as evidence in court against a person accused of DUI, because the machines historically are not considered accurate in measuring exact Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) Levels. In addition, PBT units are not calibrated or routinely maintained like the official Breath Tests Machines.

Arizona Portable Breath Test (PBT) Law

Under A.R.S. 28 § 1322 Preliminary Breath Test law a police officer who has reasonable suspicion to believe a person is driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol has authority to request that a person submit to a preliminary breath test.

Under this law, the officer may also require the person to submit to further testing
pursuant to the Implied Consent Law A.R.S. 28 § 1321. This includes DUI blood, breath, urine testing.

5 reasons PBTs are commonly used in Arizona

The National Highway Safety Administration recognizes that although the PBT is useful, it is not admissible as sole evidence to determine BAC; but is generally reliable in determining if any alcohol at all is present in a person's system. Arizona courts do consider PBT evidence to be admissible in court as evidence against a defendant facing DUI charges. Below the police may likely choose a PBT in a DUI field investigation:

• To determine or rule out DUI influence of alcohol v. drugs;
• Drivers who may have a high alcohol tolerance level, and can perform field sobriety tests or other tasks to a greater degree than those with lower tolerance levels;
• To detect if an underage 21 person is under the influence of any alcohol in violation of the state's Zero Tolerance law;
• As a preliminary DUI screening test only; and if positive, will be followed up with an Official Breath Test Machine.
• At the scene of a DUI collision where the driver is suspected of DUI, but has been injured and is unable to perform Standard Field Sobriety Tests (FSTs).

Criminal Defense for DUI Chandler AZ

Arizona laws and penalties are some of the toughest in the country. If you have been arrested for any type of DUI you should always consult a qualified criminal attorney to discuss your charges. You should do this before you appear in court or plead guilty to the charges. You have the constitutional right to defend your charges, and this is done by pleading not guilty and retaining proper legal representation. There may be defenses that you are not aware of that if used, may lead to a dismissal of charges, sentencing, or other favorable outcome in your case.

Additional Resources:

• Arizona State Legislature - Portable Breath Test Laws A.R.S. 28 § 1322

• Arizona State Legislature - Implied Consent Laws A.R.S. 28 § 1321

• Arizona Department of State - Public Safety - Determining Alcohol Concentration

• Arizona Governor's Office of Highway Safety - DUI laws

Continue reading " Portable Breath Test (PBT) Laws " »

Domestic Violence Charges

The police and prosecution take domestic violence very serious. They egregiously pursue convictions in these cases because they are considered to be a crime against a victim.

Domestic violence refers to a familial relationship. The victim may be a spouse, partner, brother, sister, grandparent, child, or other persons residing together.

Police have the burden on the scene to distinguish the aggressor from the victim. Often the victim is cited or arrested when the police are unable to identify which party was the aggressor at the scene. It can also occur when false accusations are made against a victim by the aggressor.

Police Departments keep logs of incidents where the police have been called to a residence before. In many of these cases, an arrest will be made, or both parties will be cited, or arrested and forced to defend their charge in court.


Arizona Domestic Violence Laws

Domestic Violence (DV) crimes are described under Arizona Law ARS § 13-3601. This law applies to specified domestic persons who become victims of assault, homicide, threat, intimidation, neglect, abuse or other act of violence.

Offenses may be classified as felonies or misdemeanors, and penalties vary depend on circumstances involved. They include: aggravated or mitigated factors; age of the victim; nature and severity of injuries; if a weapon was used; and whether or not the crime was dangerous or non-dangerous; and if the crime was a first time or repeat offense.

Penalties for Non-Dangerous Domestic Violence Offenses

Non-dangerous Misdemeanor DV charges call for minimums of 30 days to 6 months in jail; and fines from $500.00 to $2500.00.

Non-dangerous Felony DV charges call for 6 months to 18 months in prison, minimums; and 4 to 10 years maximum ranges.

Persons convicted of non-dangerous domestic violence offenses may be ordered to participate in domestic violence offender or anger management counseling programs.

Penalties for Dangerous Domestic Violence Offenses

Dangerous Felony first time offenses expose a person to a minimum of 18 months to 3 years in prison; and maximum penalties of 7 years to 21 years on prison.
Felony domestic violence offenders will be exposed to court ordered fines that can reach a maximum of $150,000, plus restitution.

Persons convicted of domestic violence offenses will be ordered to participate in domestic violence offender or anger management counseling programs. Additional Court ordered penalties may apply such as community service, or probation.

Criminal Defense Attorney for Domestic Violence Crimes Mesa, AZ

If you have been charged with any domestic violence offenses you should consult a criminal defense attorney before pleading guilty. There may be defenses that can be used to challenge the charges, lead to suppression of evidence, or even a dismissal of charges. It is never a good idea to go to court without qualified legal representation for any criminal offense. If retained, an attorney will protect your rights, defend your charges. If the case can't be dismissed, they will work to mitigate sentencing to help you avoid or reduce harsh jail or prison sentencing.

Additional Resources:

• Arizona Coalition Against Domestic Violence .

• City of Mesa Police - Family Violence Unit can also provide assistance

• Arizona Court - Domestic Violence Information and Resources

Continue reading "Domestic Violence: Why victims are often charged or arrested " »

In Carillo v. Houser Maricopa County, the Arizona Supreme Court held that the Implied Consent Law, A.R.S. § 28-1321 did not authorize police to conduct DUI blood testing without a warrant. The exception is if the suspect expressly gives their consent for officers to administer the chemical test.

It is not enough for a suspect to object to the blood or urine test. They must expressly refuse, or consent to it. Failure of a person to expressly agree, or to consent to completing the chemical test is considered a refusal.

If a driver refuses a DUI breath test the police may obtain a warrant to collect a blood or urine sample. In order to obtain a warrant the police must have "probable cause" to believe that a motorist was driving impaired under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

If a driver refuses to participate in the chemical testing, there are civil and criminal consequences. A refusal of a DUI chemical testing with a valid warrant will result in a 12 month suspension of the motorist's driver's license. The police may proceed with a DUI arrest with probable cause for DUI charges.

Arizona Implied Consent Law

Under the Implied Consent Law A.R.S. § 28-1321 a motorist driving in Arizona inherently gives their consent to DUI breath, blood or urine test if requested by police to determine if they are driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
The Police Officer who makes the DUI stop decides what type of test should be administered. The officer must have cause to believe that the person was driving or in actual physical control of a motor vehicle either alcohol or drugs.

Implied Consent Law - Underage 21 Drinking

Arizona is a "Zero Tolerance" state with regard to underage 21 drinking. This means an underage drinker may be arrested for being under the influence of any alcohol in their blood stream. The Implied Consent Law A.R.S. § 28-1321 also gives authority to police in Arizona to administer chemical testing to a person under the age of 21 years of age. They police may administer the test to determine if the person under age 21 has in their body, whether or not they were driving or in actual physical control of a vehicle.

DUI Lawyer Tempe AZ - Defense

If you were arrested for DUI based on breath or blood testing, there may defenses you are not aware of that can lead to suppression of evidence or even a dismissal of charges. An arrest is not a conviction. Anyone arrested has a constitutional right to defend their charges. In order to make sure your rights are protected, and to defend your charges, you should always retain the services of a qualified criminal defense attorney.

Additional Resources:

• Arizona Legislature Implied Consent Law

• Arizona Legislature DUI law

• Arizona Supreme Court JOSE CARRILLO v. HON. ROBERT HOUSER Ref: CV-09-0285-PR

• Arizona Department of Transportation

Continue reading "DUI Blood Test Laws: DUI chemical tests taken without consent not admissible in Court" »

The Meaning

The phrase "Super Extreme" relative to "DUI" refers to the level or amount of Alcohol Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) found in a person's system. "Felony" refers to the Classification of criminal charges as in the difference between Misdemeanor and Felony crimes.

Differences between Misdemeanor and Felony DUI charges

First we will discuss the main differences between Misdemeanor DUI and Felony DUI classifications. A majority of DUI charges are classified as Misdemeanors. A Misdemeanor DUI offense will be raised to Felony charges when certain aggravated factors are presents. For this reason, Felony DUI charges are also referred to as "Aggravated". The penalties for felony DUI charges are more severe than misdemeanor. Convictions will expose a person to prison term, larger fines, fees, and assessments; and driver's license will be indefinitely revoked.

Aggravated Factors - Felony DUI Charges

Under Arizona law A.R.S. §28-1383 (A) (1), (2), & (3) three aggravating factors that will cause an Arizona Misdemeanor DUI to be elevated to Felony DUI charges.

(1) DUI charge while driving on a suspended, restricted or revoked driver's license;

(2) Third DUI charge within 7 years and you have two prior DUI convictions that occurred during the last 7 years:

(3) DUI DWI and a child under 15 years of age was a passenger in the vehicle you were driving

Super Extreme DUI Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) in Arizona:

The terms "Extreme" or "Super Extreme" refer to the motorist Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) level found in a person's system.

The legal limit for alcohol in Arizona is 0.08%. If a person exceeds 0.15% they are considered to be Extreme DU; if a BAC exceeds 0.20% or greater they will be charged with Super Extreme DUI - DWI offense.

In Arizona a person can also be charged with DUI for being "Impaired to the Slightest Degree" even if their BAC is below 0.08%, or if they are impaired due to drugs and alcohol, or drugs alone.

Penalties for Felony DUI Super Extreme BAC Convictions:

• Mandatory Prison - 4 months minimum or more;
• 3 year Driver's License Revocation;
• Participation in Mandatory Alcohol counseling or treatment program;
• Minimum of 30 hours in Community Service;
• Ignition Interlock device on vehicle - current statutory requirements;
• Fines, court fees, prison assessments and fees exceeding $4,000.00.

Tempe AZ Super Extreme Aggravated DUI Lawyer for defense

Felony DUI charges with Super Extreme BAC are very serious. Your future and freedom are at stake. A Felony DUI conviction will leave you with a felon criminal record, prison terms, and have lasting adverse impacts on your life. You should always consult an experienced criminal defense attorney in the jurisdiction where you were arrested or received charges. They will discuss your matter and provide you options for defense. There may be defenses you are not aware of that may lead to a favorable resolution of your charges. If retained, a criminal defense attorney will protect your rights, defend your charges, and pursue the best possible outcome in your case.

Additional Resources:

• Arizona State Legislature = Aggravated DUI Laws
• Arizona State Legislature - Extreme DUI Laws.
• Arizona Governor's Office of Highway Safety (azgohs.gov) Super Extreme DUI Sentencing
• Arizona Department of Public Safety (azdps.gov)

Continue reading "Super Extreme Felony DUI Charges: Difference between a Misdemeanor and Felony DUI including meaning, laws, and penalties " »

The Arizona Governor's Office of Highway Safety released arrest statistics resulting from the DUI task forces staged throughout the Labor Day weekend. At least 564 persons were arrested for DUI as of Tuesday September 4, 2012.

Types of DUI arrests included:

• 472 Alcohol DUI charges;
• 92 Drug DUI charges;
• 154 Underage 21 DUI offense

Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) Levels for Alcohol DUI:

• 30% Extreme DUI which is 0.15% or greater;
• 70% "Impaired to the Slightest Degree: or over 0.08% but not greater than 0.15%

Classifications of DUI - DWI Charges

• 449 were Misdemeanor DUI charges;
• 40 were Aggravated (Felony) DUI charges*

*In Arizona under ARS § 28-1383 an Aggravated DUI charges one that involves at least one of more of the following circumstances:

• DUI while the motorist is on driving on a suspended, cancelled, revoked or otherwise invalid driver's license;
• A repeat DUI offense with 2 prior DUI convictions within 84 months;
• A DUI offense while the motorist has a passenger under age 15 years old in the vehicle.
• DUI with auto accident causing serious bodily harm to another person;
• Manslaughter - DUI involving a fatal accident

DUI - DWI Penalties

Convictions for Misdemeanor DUI call for 10 days jail; suspension of driver's license for 90 days; Ignition interlock Device (IID) on vehicle; fines; fees; drug or alcohol education, screening and treatment; probation.

In addition, DUI convictions involving higher BAC levels call for longer jail terms; higher fines and fees; use of IID for longer length of time; suspension of licenses for longer term.

Aggravated DUI Sentencing may result in prison terms of 4 to 8 months; fines, fees and assessments of up to $4,000; revocation of license; IIG use for 1 to 2 years; as well as other penalties mentioned above.

DUI Defense Attorney Phoenix AZ

If you have been arrested for DUI, it is important that you consult an experienced criminal defense attorney. They will discuss your matter with you confidentially, and provide you with defense options. They will protect your rights; defend your charges; guide you through the criminal justice process; and work to get you the best possible resolution in your case. There may be defenses you are not aware of that may lead to a dismissal of charges; reduction of sentencing; avoidance of harsh prison sentencing and other favorable outcomes in you matter.

Additional Resources:

A.R.S. Misdemeanor DUI:

A.R.S. Aggravated DUI

Arizona Department of Public Safety

Arizona Governor's Office of Highway Safety

Continue reading "Phoenix AZ DUI Task Force: DUI Arrests Statistics Labor Day Weekend 2012 " »

Did you know that the National Impaired Driving Enforcement Campaign is in effect August 17, 2012 to September 3, 2012?

You have probably seen the Television commercials airing the messages: "Drive Sober or get Pulled Over;" Don't drink and drive; and "They'll see you before you see them". The efforts involve increased police presence, DUI Task Forces; media outreach; national and local advertisements geared at raising public awareness.

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) launched a new anti-impairment driving campaign to support high visibility enforcement (HVE) of police officers nationwide. The campaign is intended to help reduce drunk driving, and raise awareness about the hazards of driving impaired due to alcohol or drugs. The efforts focus combining resources:

• Community outreach programs and education;
• DUI Task Force administration guides and materials;
• Heightened Presence of Police for basic traffic safety;
• Paid media communications, advertisements and marketing;
• Social media and internet campaigns to communicate the messages

Every state has their own laws regarding the legal limit or level of impairment that will result in criminal charges. It is important that you be familiar with the laws in your state, or any state that you plan to visit or reside.

Blood Alcohol Content (BAC): Legal Limits Arizona

All states in the country comply with at least 0.08% as the legal limit. Other states have more strict legal limits for example 0.05%.

Under Arizona law A.R.S. § 28-1381 A (2) a person may be arrested for DUI if their BAC is 0.08% or greater while driving or in actual physical control of any vehicle.

In Arizona, a motorist may also be charged with DUI, even if the BAC is below 0.08% down to 0%. This is called being "impaired to the slightest degree" under the influence of alcohol or drugs A.R.S. § 28-1381 A (1).

The penalties for DUI convictions are some of the harshest in the country. A first time Misdemeanor DUI, non-extreme BAC (below 0.15.%) conviction carries jail terms; 90 day suspension of driver's license; Ignition Interlock Device on vehicle; mandatory drug or alcohol counseling; probation; fines and fees.

DUI Attorney for defense of charges in Chandler AZ

If you face any type of DWI or drunk driving charges, you should always consult a criminal defense attorney to discuss your matter, and defense options. It is never a good idea to go to court alone or try to go without legal representation. If retained, your lawyer will provide legal representation throughout the criminal justice process; make sure you are treated fairly; defend your charges; and look for mitigating factors that will help you avoid a conviction or harsh penalties.

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• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration - Driving Safety

• National Impaired Driving Enforcement Crackdown

• Arizoan Legislature - Arizona Revised Statutes

Continue reading "National Impaired Driving Enforcement Crackdown in Effect" »

With Labor Day 2012 fast approaching and ASU back in session, police are increasing presence in and around East Valley Cities.

DUI Task Forces will be set up again this weekend on Mill Ave, in Tempe AZ. Police will also be organizing Traffic, Pedestrian, and Bike Safety checks.

The DUI Task Force officers will be looking for persons engaging in underage drinking; and binge drinking. They will also be seeking out motorist who are driving "impaired to the slightest degree" due to alcohol or drugs.

Basic DUI Laws in Arizona

• The legal limit in Arizona is 0.08% or greater (A.R.S. §28.1381.A. 2);
• A motorist may be charged for DUI if they are under the influence of drug or alcohol and found to be driving "impaired to the slightest degree" (A.R.S. §28.1381.A).
• The higher the Blood Alcohol Content BAC, the more severe the penalties;
• Sentencing for first time Misdemeanor DUI charges will result in Mandatory Jail Terms, Ignition, Interlock device, and driver's license suspension;

Under Age 21 Drinking Laws

• The legal drinking age is 21 in Arizona: (ARS § 4-244(34);
• Underage 21 Drinking DUI convictions in Arizona are subject to "Zero Tolerance" laws. Motorists convicted of driving under the age of 21 with any alcohol or drugs will be exposed to criminal penalties which include: Jail terms; Ignition Interlock Device on Vehicle; 2 years driver's license suspension or denial; Probation or Community Service; Alcohol/Drug screening and treatment.

"Binge Drinking"

Binge Drinking is the Number 1 cause of Alcohol Poisoning. It is also the number one cause of drunk driving and resulting DUI and DUI with Auto Accidents. Binge drinking is defined as having 4 to 5 alcoholic drinks or "shots" within a short time span. It can result in serious illnesses, acute and long term disease and even death. It is the result of the body's inability to metabolize the alcohol as fast as it is ingested. It takes a least an hour, for the liver to metabolize one drink. Other factors are taken into account for metabolic speed including body weight; food ingested with the alcohol; other medications; medical conditions; alcohol tolerance level and other factors. So in a binge drinking situation, the alcohol or "shots" ingested may just begin to shock the body which feels it effects long after the last drink, once they have left the bar.

Criminal Defense Attorney Tempe AZ

If you were arrested for DUI it is important that you consult an experienced criminal attorney to discuss your case and defense options. The laws and penalties are some of the harshest in the country. With so much at stake, you should always retain qualified legal representation for any alcohol or drug related criminal offense. If retained, your lawyer will protect your rights, defend your charges, and provide an effective defense that can preserve your future and freedom.

Resources:

National Centers for Disease Control

Arizona Revised Statutes - AZ Legislature

Arizona Department of Public Safety

Continue reading " Tempe DUI Task Force Labor Day: Alcohol, Drug, and DUI Basics " »